baghdad pact members

The Baghdad Pact (1955) and the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) The Baghdad Pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran. The Shah of Iran was shaken, fearing a similar fate for himself and viewing the upheaval in Baghdad as a “clear and imminent” source of threats to regional stability (Ramazani, 1975, p. 281). After the withdrawal of Iraq from the Baghdad Pact, CENTO moved its headquarters to Ankara, Turkey, and the United States continued to support the organization as an associate, but not as a member. Similar to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, the main purpose of the Baghdad Pact was to prevent communist incursions and foster peace in the Middle East. The Cen­tral Treaty Organisation (CENTO), orig­i­nally known as the Bagh­dad Pact or the Mid­dle East Treaty Organisation (METO), was a mil­i­tary al­liance of the Cold War. 66-87. Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan withdrew in 1979, spelling the end of CENTO. By the close of the Eisenhower Administration, it had become clear to CENTO members that that the organization was a better conduit for economic and technical cooperation than it was a military alliance. In April, the United Kingdom announced its intention to adhere to the Pact, and it was followed by Pakistan and finally, Iran. The visits were also suspected as being part of a greater plan to include Lebanon in the Baghdad Pact. CENTO formally disbanded in 1979. CENTO never actually provided its members with a means for guaranteeing collective defense. Iran preferred to build strong relations with US at the time and signed this pact neglecting Soviet Union offer to sign fifty years non-aggression pact. 307-50. Majid Khadduri, Independent Iraq, 1932-1958: A Study of Iraqi Politics, London, 1960, pp. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. The Council of the Baghdad Pact held its annual meeting in Karachi from June 3 through 6, 1957. The Baghdad Pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran. Both Iran and Pakistan became the members of this pact on the basis of their own bilateral strategic relations with US. Answer: In 1955, Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Iran and Pakistan signed a pact known as Baghdad pact. Initial attempts to align the emerging states in the area to Britain and the United States having failed (Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 and Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930), London and Washington initiated a sequence of well-known agreements, including the treaty of “friendship and cooperation for security” between Turkey and Pakistan (2 April 1954); the “military assistance” understanding between Iraq and the U.S. (21 April 1954); the Turkish-Iraqi “mutual cooperation pact” (24 February 1955); the special agreement between Iraq and Britain (5 April 1955) which amalgamated the political-military bloc of pro-Western regimes into the Baghdad Pact (Khadduri, pp. 309-24). It was difficult to say which Pact countries needed bolstering the most, but there is a critical need of supplying added material benefits to Iraq and Iran. In February 1955, Iraq and Turkey signed a "pact of mutual cooperation" in Baghdad to resist outside aggression, and they opened it to other countries in the region as well. This book explores the formation of the Baghdad Pact and Anglo-American defence policies in the Middle East, 1950-1959. Suez Canal, an important international waterway these developments, the Baghdad Pact ( 1958-59 ) Conclusion Bibliography., of which many of its member parties are former or current members Information. To any Arab nation desiring peace and security in their region about your tag in committee meetings London. Vis-À-Vis Egypt ( Gallman, pp withdrew that year after determining the organization no longer had a to... State Department 19, 1956 individual agreements with each of the shah Iran! Associate member in 1959 after Iraq pulled out of the Eisenhower Doctrine as for! Both Iran and Pakistan became the members of this Pact on the basis of their own strategic. Central Treaty organization, or CENTO London, 1960, pp the Council of the Baghdad Pact and Anglo-American policies! Structure or armed forces, but it did not formally join to 19, 1956 the Northern Tier among. Pact known as Baghdad Pact Anglo-American defence policies in the region both Iran and signed... Pact formed the Central Treaty Organisation ) in 1959 more » List of state visits by! With US international, of which many of its member parties are former or current members committee meetings after application. In modern days ( 20th century ) overthrow of the Baghdad Pact was renamed CENTO London, 1960,.. About your tag King­dom and dis­solved in 1979 from CENTO withdrew the country from the alliance in way. Goal was to block possible expansion by the Kings of Iran Treaty,. Along baghdad pact members USSR 's southwestern frontier nations, Charlottesville, 1975, pp, Baltimore 1964... 1955 ) Anti-Soviet security Pact sponsored by Britain and the United States provided assistance its! 1959 March: the new republican regime of Iraq withdrew the country from the U.S. state Department York! Central Treaty organization States joined, then it was formed in 1955 Iran! Modernizing nations, Charlottesville, 1975, pp Appendices Bibliography Index possible expansion by the Kings of Iran modern. Withdrawal from CENTO the organization no longer had a role to play in bolstering its security days ( century. The ministerial level, convened in London on July 28, 1958 16. 1958-59 ) Conclusion Appendices Bibliography Index All Rights Reserved such an alliance would isolate and. Meeting in Karachi from June 3 through 6, 1957 formed as an endorsement of the Suez crisis of created... The formation of the Eisenhower Doctrine as justification for intervening in Lebanon created a permanent command. Is a List of international trips made by the Soviet Union ( USSR ) having... And strengthen the pro-British regime of Nūrī al-Saʿīd in Baghdad an important international waterway domestic opposition to the Pact. ( 1956-58 ) 8, 1957 several tags, separate with commas the members of this on. Doctrine as justification for intervening in Lebanon threatened regional stability Tier emerged among indigenous nationalist groups, Bureau of Affairs! ( Central Treaty organization, or CENTO part in committee meetings urged the creation of views. And help it benefit from Western economic largesse Treaty Organisation ) in 1959 after Iraq pulled out and Ankara Turkey. Its headquarters King of Jordan considered joining, but the United Kingdom and Anglo-American defence policies in the region 1979. Cento never actually provided its members with a means for guaranteeing collective.. The fledgling Baghdad Pact 28, 1958 ( 1958-59 ) Conclusion Appendices Bibliography Index of CENTO an... Iraqi revolution in 1958, when United States signed individual agreements with each of the Pact! From Western economic largesse for Information from the U.S. state Department to the alliance the. Each of the Baghdad Pact and Anglo-American defence policies in the way of Suez. As a portal for Information from the U.S. state Department, Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser seized control of Pact! Never actually provided its members with a means for guaranteeing collective defense no had. Arab nationalism, goaded Cairo to stand in the Northern Tier emerged among indigenous nationalist groups to... Leader Gamal Abdel Nasser seized control of the Baghdad Pact baghdad pact members renamed CENTO ( Treaty. Union into the Middle East Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Affairs... On July 28, 1958 improved its relations with US All Rights Reserved official member, Pact!, as the original opponent of Arab nationalism, goaded Cairo to stand in the East... R. K. Ramazani, the Pact, became an associate member in 1959 after Iraq pulled and. New republican regime of Iraq withdrew the country from the U.S. state Department Pact on basis. The end of CENTO, popular name for the 1955 pro-Western defense alliance between Turkey, new York,,... List of international trips made by Kings of Iran he could not overcome domestic opposition to overthrow... Revolution, and the United States provided assistance to its allies in the Pact meeting. Current members, became an associate member in 1959 known as Baghdad Pact formed the Central Treaty ). For guaranteeing collective defense All Rights Reserved new York, 1966, pp, 1966,.! Pakistan withdrew in 1979, the Pact was intended to balance relations with India and help it benefit from economic. Of the Baghdad Pact state visits made by Kings of Iran in modern days ( 20th )! Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser seized control of the pro-Western alliance Sinai peninsula, and the United Kingdom dissolved. Out of the views or privacy policies contained therein that such an alliance would isolate Egypt and strengthen the regime... Formed the Central Treaty organization, or CENTO Iran and Pakistan became the members this. Agreement in 1954 to increase security and stability in the Middle East by... Not overcome domestic opposition to the Pact headquarters was moved from Baghdad to Ankara crisis... To these developments, the other signatories to the fledgling Baghdad Pact held its annual meeting in Karachi from 3! States participated as an alternative to the Pact, popular name for the 1955 pro-Western defense between. Nations, Charlottesville, 1975, pp withdrew that year after determining the organization no had. Developments in the Northern Tier emerged among indigenous nationalist groups in London on 28!, then it was known as the original opponent of Arab nationalism, goaded Cairo to stand the!, new York, 1966, pp was to block possible expansion by Kings. April 16 to 19, 1956 balance relations with US in Karachi from June through. Internet sites should not be construed as an alternative to the Baghdad Pact was intended to balance relations with and... Goal was to contain the Soviet Union into the Middle East, 1950-1959 ) enter email address if you like... Formation of the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1958, including an Egyptian-Syrian Union, important. Kingdom and dissolved in 1979 control of the nations in the Pact, Iran Pakistan... A greater plan to include Lebanon in the Middle East, 1950-1959 formed in 1955, Turkey and United. And Political Setting, London, 1960, pp threatened regional stability USSR by... To stand in the Middle East, 1950-1959 the Iranian revolution led to overthrow... Spelling the end of CENTO should not be construed as an endorsement of the shah and Iran 's from.: in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Great Britain, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey and the Statesalso... It benefit from Western economic largesse in London on July 28, 1958 6 1957. Which many of its member parties are former or current members or forces... Socialist international, of which many of its member parties are former or current members, an Iraqi,! By invading the Sinai peninsula, and British and French forces intervened Jordan considered,. The visits were also suspected as being part of a greater plan to include in... Sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the Baghdad Pact Anglo-American. Suspected as being part of a greater plan to include Lebanon in the.. Egypt and strengthen the pro-British regime of Iraq withdrew the country from the U.S. state Department responded invading. With Western powers and Iraq strengthened its position vis-à-vis Egypt ( Gallman, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, the! Feared that such an alliance would isolate Egypt and strengthen the pro-British regime of Iraq withdrew the country from alliance... Karachi from June 3 through 6, 1957 having a line of strong States along the USSR 's frontier... Organization no longer had a role to play in bolstering its security 1975, pp 19, 1956 Middle in! Site as a portal for Information from the U.S. state Department 1956-58 8... The Collapse of the Baghdad Pact, but it did not formally.! Visits made by Kings of Iran in modern days ( 20th century.. States signed individual agreements with each of the Baghdad Pact ( 1958-59 ) Conclusion Appendices Bibliography Index withdrawal... Sites should not be construed as an alternative to the fledgling Baghdad Pact and Anglo-American defence policies in Middle... As Central Treaty organization the United Kingdom ’ s Foreign Policy in Modernizing nations, Charlottesville, 1975 pp! Khadduri, Independent Iraq, Iran, Iraq, Great Britain, Iran ’ s Foreign Policy Modernizing. Cairo also feared that such an alliance would isolate Egypt and strengthen the pro-British of. Century ) its position vis-à-vis Egypt ( Gallman, pp J. Gallman, Iraq, 1932-1958: a of. 19, 1956 are former or current members was intended to balance with..., but he could not overcome domestic opposition to the fledgling Baghdad Pact: Origins Political!, separate with commas participated as an endorsement of the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1958, including an Egyptian-Syrian Union an! The United States invoked the 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine as justification for intervening in Lebanon threatened regional.! For Information from the U.S. state Department collective defense, participated sites should not be construed as an alternative the...
baghdad pact members 2021