Journal of Coastal Research, 16(3), 641-655. An up-to-date atlas of an important fossil and living group, with the Natural History Museum. Careful quality control ensured similar patterns of screening and identification of living foraminifera, making the differences between pickers minimized. Epistominella exigua, Adercotryma glomeratum, Bulimina marginata, Pappina compressa, Angulogerina angulosa s.l., Nonionella stella, Nonionella opima, Hopkinsina pacifica, Bolivina fragilis, Bolivinellina translucens, Fursenkoina pontoni, and Stainforthia complanata can be considered as indicators of seasonality-enriched areas with phytodetrital material signaling the upwelling events in the study region of Campos Basin. John W. Murray; Online ISBN: 9780511535529 Your name * Please enter your name. The first initiative to evaluate the environmental conditions of the Campos Basin occurred in the end of 1980s, through a partnership between the Fundação de Estudos e Pesquisas Aquáticas (FUNDESPA), University of São Paulo, and Petróleo Brasileiro S/A (PETROBRAS). However, even if they are dispersed and do not accumulate within the sediment, pollutant may affect the benthos since all habitats exposed to all types of contaminants experience decreased biodiversity [60]. Because of these dissimilar times, the local hydrodynamics can change and, consequently, variations can occur in the particulate organic matter flux, and quantity and quality of the organic matter on the sea floor [73, 75, 76]. Foraminifera are excellent bioindicators of environmental changes resulting from both natural processes and by human interference. Benthic foraminifera to assess ecological quality status of Kaduvaiyar and Uppanar estuaries, Southeast coast of India May 2020 DOI: 10.6024/jmbai.2019.61.1.2048-08 The considerable increase in the agglutinated foraminifera, the continuous decrease in the density of foraminifera, and also decrease in the values of the Benthic Foraminifera High Productivity Index (BFHP [61]) as depth increases indicate typical oligotrophic conditions in this sector of the Campos Basin (lower slope and São Paulo Plateau). Among the vast variety of microorganisms, foraminifera have shown potential for effective pollution biomonitoring, apart from many other applications [1]. Since then, the number of works aiming to study the response of benthic foraminifera to environmental changing, namely to pollution, increased significantly [12]. and Brizalina spp., with low particulate organic matter flux values, muddy sediments, and more refractory organic matter. Four main channels radiate of the lagoon mouth: Mira, S. Jacinto/Ovar, Ílhavo, and Espinheiro channels (Figure 1), with lengths of 20, 29, 15, and 17 km, respectively. By Maria Virginia Alves Martins, Cintia Yamashita, Silvia Helena de Mello e Sousa, Eduardo Apostolos Machado Koutsoukos, Sibelle Trevisan Disaró, Jean-Pierre Debenay and Wânia Duleba, Submitted: May 5th 2018Reviewed: September 24th 2018Published: January 21st 2019, Home > Books > Monitoring of Marine Pollution. Environmental response of living benthic foraminifera in Kiel Fjord, SW Baltic Sea A. Nikulina, I. Polovodova, J. Schönfeld To cite this version: A. Nikulina, I. Polovodova, J. Schönfeld. In benthic foraminifera, the cytoplasmic body is encased in organic or mineralized test (shell), which provides a fossil record (Cambrian to recent). According to Fortis et al. These species seem to prefer more saline and oxygenated waters and less impacted environments and thus are named as “marine species” [43, 44]. Benthic foraminifera is numerous single-celled protozoan species that showed high sensitivity to environmental changes. However, without complementary studies that allow to qualify and quantify the disturbance origin by applying the ABC curves, we will have only the sign of the environmental disorder. According to these characteristics, Warwick [71] developed a method based on the abundance and biomass curves (ABC) for the detection of perturbation and to analyze the species response to environmental changes. São Sebastião Channel (SSC) is an open area where industrial and domestic effluents are separately disposed, but under similar natural conditions, offering the opportunity to compare their impact on benthic biota [53]. The composition of the foraminifera assemblages allowed to detect areas under upwelling influence on the continental shelf. ISBN 90-5744-136-5 The research presented in this thesis was supported by the Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO. The sediments sampled for geochemical analysis were immediately cool preserved on board. Among these, the central region of the channel has the largest petroliferous terminals of South America, “Dutos e Terminais Centro Sul” (DTCS) of PETROBRAS. The most frequent species in living foraminiferal assemblages of Aveiro Lagoon are Ammonia tepida (<40%) and Haynesina germânica (<40%), which were found in all of the sites. A semienclosed coastal lagoon (Aveiro Lagoon, Portugal), an estuarine system (São Sebastião Channel, SE Brazil), a continental shelf sector (Campos Basin, SE Brazil), and a segment of continental slope (Campos Basin, SE Brazil) are used as examples. tions using ICP-MS) on benthic foraminifera. Thaisa Vicente (Fundação para Desenvolvimento Tecnológico da Engenharia), the lipids biomarkers by Dr. Renato Carreira (Pontíficia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro), the bacterial biomass by Dr. Rodolfo Paranhos (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro), and the parameters for the water column by Dr. Ilson Silveira (Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo University). A few workers, however, suggested that the preference of A. tepida for fine-grained organic carbon-rich sediments may be the reason for its dominance in polluted regions [1]. Living assemblages of foraminifera can be quite variable over time depending on the variability of the physicochemical parameters (according to weather changes). The sediments’ concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the SSC and AR regions were lower than their corresponding probable effect levels (PELs) [53]. These unicellular microorganisms are effective environmental indicators as they respond quickly to small environmental changes. It is known that the distribution of the living assemblages is strongly affected by the estuarine dynamic, since foraminifera react within less than 1 month to changes of environmental conditions [17]. Rodrigo Aluizio (Federal University of Paraná), Dr. Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques (Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo University), and Dr. Aurea Ciotti (Biology Marine Center, University of São Paulo) who are gratefully acknowledged for the technical support provided. In the SSC and Araçá areas, a maximum of 40 cm3 of sediment was enough to locate 100 living specimens (an average density of 62 ± 22 foraminifera per 10 cm3 of sediment). The data presented here show the importance of understanding the ecology of the benthic foraminifera species for environmental assessment of the ecosystems, and therefore for the establishment of biomonitoring procedures. Naira Yamamoto, Dr. Raquel Fernanda Passos, Dr. Renata Hanae Nagai (Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná), Carla Ito, Dr. Leticia Burone (Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República), Dr. Marina Fukumoto, MScs. The core top (0–2 cm interval) sediment sampled in each site was used to understand the living and dead benthic foraminifera distribution patterns and ecological preferences. According to Armynot du Châtelet et al. The middle slope is characterized by the dominance of different species of the genus Bolivina, Cassidulina laevigata, and Globocassidulina subglobosa. Some benthic species burrow actively, though slowly, through sediment at speeds up to 1cm per hour, while others attach themselves to the surface of rocks or marine plants. Sediment samples from DTCS (named TB) were collected near the outfall diffusers in September 2005, by the Environmental Agency of the São Paulo State, Brazil (CETESB—“Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo”). However, the ecological preference of P. cananeiaensis is not yet well known in Brazil (Debenay et al., 2001c)***. This work also emphasizes the importance of these organisms as environmental bioindicators and their application in biomonitoring studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Most of the living species found in the Ria de Aveiro are typical of European estuarine environments [40, 41], of worldwide transitional environments [42], and some are present in the nearby continental shelf [43, 44]. According to Magurran [36], in undisturbed environments, one or two species dominate the biomass and this has the effect of raising the biomass curve in relation to the abundance curve. Larger Benthic Foraminifera (LBF) are reliable indicators of shallow water, tropical to subtropical conditions. These waters are treated in the wastewater treatment plants (ETE—Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes), where they are first separated from residual oil by adding a solution of polyelectrolyte [55]. In the present study, no relationship between abiotic parameters and relative abundance of P. cananeiaensis was recorded. Ben-Eliahu N, Herut B, Rahav E, Abramovich S. Shell Growth of Large Benthic Foraminifera under Heavy Metals Pollution: Implications for Geochemical Monitoring of Coastal Environments. The species identification was based on [67, 68], and other specific references, as well as by the analysis of museum collections. species were previously considered to be the most heavy metal-tolerant foraminifer species. [10], Debenay et al. Many studies have been carried out to investigate aspects related to the coastal upwelling of Cabo Frio, south of the Campos Basin [65]. Foraminifera are widely distributed inmarine environments. According to Sousa et al. Instead Miliammina fusca, Haplophragmoides manilaensis, Entzia macrescens, Tiphotrocha comprimata, Ammoscalaria pseudospiralis, Arenoparrella mexicana, Siphotrochammina lobata, and Ammobaculites balkwilli reach the highest relative abundance but have low densities in low salinity waters near the rivers’ mouth and in sediments with relatively low Eh and pH values, where the abundance of calcareous species decline [23, 37]. Each area has different particularities, conditioning the type of living foraminifera associations that inhabit them, being the first two areas highly anthropized. Temperature, salinity, pH, and potential redox (Eh) were measured in water and sediments in each site. Donnici et … A semienclosed coastal lagoon (Aveiro Lagoon; Portugal), an estuarine system (São Sebastião Channel; SE Brazil), a continental shelf sector (Campos Basin; SE Brazil), and a segment of continental slope (Campos Basin; SE Brazil) are used as examples. Its diffuser has a length 10.1 m and is located at Araçá point, at a depth of 8 m. The discharge speed per final discharge is 91.46 l s−1 [46]. Mechnikov National University, Department of Physical and Marine Geology, 2 Dvoryanskaya Str., Odessa 65082, Ukraine . By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Even in brine channels of Antarctic sea ice they have been found. The stations followed nine transects from 400 to 3000 m deep (Figure 5). However, even more fascinating is that they actively roam around in the seafloor to depths of over 5 cm! It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. In Aveiro Lagoon, H. germanica is mostly associated with confined lagoonal sites with high content in organic matter under low currents activity and waters with relatively high salinity. The benthic foraminifera species that occur in the deep marine system of the Southwestern Atlantic (continental slope of the Campos Basin) are mainly controlled by local hydrodynamics, which mainly controls changes in the particulate organic matter flux, quantity, and quality of the organic matter in … The southern and northern ends have depths of 25 and 20 m, respectively (Figure 2). Marine caves, which are part of these system flooded by seawater through marine entrances, may be considered as extreme environments because of wide spatial and temporal environmental variability due to changing marine and terrestrial contributions. Lay-out GJ Bosgra, Ubbergen. The continental slope displays a convex profile to the north and a concave one to the south, and it is cut by several canyons, such as the São Tomé, Itapemirim, Grussaí, and Almirante Câmara [72]. Graf 1992), and this phytodetritus may play an important role in the nutrition of some foraminifera (Gooday 1988, Gooday & Lambshead 1989). Number of species per sample (SR) varied from 0 to 28 and Shannon index values (H) were < 2.8. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to investigate the relationship between foraminifera and sedimentological variables of the three areas: TEBAR, Araçá, and São Sebastião Channel (see details in [53]). These findings lead us to conclude that wastewater treatment in DTCS is not effective in removing some chemical elements from petrochemical waste liquid. About 65% of hydrocarbon exploration and production activities are concentrated in marine areas deeper than 400 m [74]. The tolerance of A. tepida to adverse conditions, including organic and chemical pollution, has long been reported in both field studies and culture studies [10]. Comparatively, foraminiferal parameters (density and diversity) at the DTCS were lower than those observed in neighboring areas, even near the Araçá submarine outfall less than 3 km away. Chicago/Turabian Style For this purpose, identification and quantitative foraminifera analysis were performed using the 63 μm size fraction. The smaller depths (6 m) occur on the continental side of the channel. Higher temperatures were recorded in the innermost part of the main channels and salinities near the lagoon mouth and in the channels with strong marine influence. The authors are indebted Andreia Cristiane Teodoro (BTX Geologia e Meio Ambiente), Silas Gubitoso (BTX Geologia e Meio Ambiente), Silvio Miranda Prada (UNIFEO), José Eduardo Bevilacqua (CETESB). Benthic foraminifera are able to organise in specific assemblages, in response to different environmental conditions. In the Oceanprof project, 41 surface sediment samples were collected by using a box corer, along transects ranging from 750 to 1950 m of water depth on the continental slope (Figure 5), in the austral winter of 2003. The authors would like to thank the collaboration of the Biology Department of Aveiro University, as well as Prof. Fernando Rocha of Aveiro University and Prof. Maria Antonieta Rodrigues, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UERJ for the support. Foraminifera are abundant and preserve the changes in their tests, making possible to study even the past environmental standing. The Ria de Aveiro is a tide-dominated lagoon with minimum tidal range of 0.6 m (neap tides) and maximum tidal range of 3.2 m (spring tides). In the most polluted areas, they observed the increasing abundance of pollution-tolerant species. Low pH levels coupled with the reactivity of biogenic carbonates may promote dissolution and destruction of calcareous tests [48]. Sedimentary samples were collected at water depths varying between 0.5 and 30 m. Water temperatures varied between 10.5 and 26.0°C and salinity from 6.2 to 33.7. [10] have also shown that H. germanica is a successful pioneer species in polluted estuarine environments and in rich organic matter sediments and is tolerant to heavy metals. SSC width ranges from 2 km in its central portion and 7 km in its southern and northern ends. Persistent pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides (dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane), toxic metals (Cd, Hg, Ag, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cu), and others may cause deleterious effect in marine life. Regrettably, the data obtained were not widely disseminated through scientific publications [74]. We share our knowledge and peer-reveiwed research papers with libraries, scientific and engineering societies, and also work with corporate R&D departments and government entities. Density 2 values ranged from 16 to 296 specimens per 10 cm3 of sediment. The results obtained in Aveiro Lagoon also indicate that most of the species that live in this lagoon, mainly those that drive to the most internal and confined areas of the lagoon, should tolerate the stress caused by eutrophication and relatively high concentrations of PTE, namely H. germanica. It is abundant in dead assemblages all over the SSC. Even though the stations analyzed were the same or spatially very close to each other, the response of benthic foraminifera of the Campos Basin seems to be slightly different due to the seasonality. In Aveiro Lagoon, the agglutinated species that are known to be well adapted to a wide range of salinities [47] predominate in different ecological niches, all of them characterized by high environmental stress. Aliquots of 10 cm3 of sediment were washed through two sieves: 0.5 and 0.063 mm. Most of the estimated 4,000 living species of forams live in the world's oceans. The diversity and species richness tend to increase in the deeper areas under greater oceanic influence where there is also an increase of, for instance, E. margaritaceum, L. ochracea, L. lobatula, R. concava, B. ordinaria, C. ungerianus, P. mediterranensis, E. gerthi, E. complanatum, B. pseudoplicata, B. elongata/B. Shell-type ratios — Benthic foraminifera can be agglutinated or calcareous. Both indices presented low values, indicating low species diversity, due to the dominance of few species. … It ranges from the coastal plain to the São Paulo Plateau, the outer boundary of the salt tectonic coinciding with the boundary between continental and oceanic crusts [72]. Species such as H. germanica, A. tepida, C. excavatum, and T. inflata are typical of coastal and transitional environments [45, 46] and are quite common in Ria de Aveiro. Close to DTCS, there is the submarine outfall of Araçá, which transports almost all the domestic effluents from the São Sebastião city. Our team is growing all the time, so we’re always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. These protozoans are less than 1 millimetre in size. Benthic foraminifera live in, or on, the seafloor. Therefore, these organisms have the potential to provide important environmental information. Benthic foraminifera are known to play an important role in marine carbon and nitrogen cycles. The sampling was performed during the dry season of 2008 and the rainy season of 2009. The average depth of the lagoon is approximately 1 m relative to the local chart datum (2.0 m below mean sea level) [27] although there are deeper areas close to the lagoon mouth, where depths may reach values of ≈30 m. Nevertheless, the bathymetry in this zone has changed over time due to both natural and anthropogenic causes [28]. Shallow-water benthic foraminifera as proxy for natural versus human-induced environmental change Lennart Jan de Nooijer. Environmental response of living benthic foraminifera in Kiel Fjord, SW Baltic Sea. The environmental significance of the foraminiferal ecozones recognized in this study and their comparison with the ones identified in the previous years, helped to consider the ecological zonation as a tool for detecting seasonal and, possibly, long term annual environmental variability in the marine system. 1. This study investigates living benthic foraminiferal assemblages as bio-indicators of anthropogenic activities in a coastal area within the Gulf of Palermo (Sicily, Italy), affected by industrial and urban activities, and evaluates the environmental quality through the calibration of a Tolerant Species index (%TSstd). Agglutinated benthic foraminifera respond to changes in the benthic environment, and their quantitative distribution in marine sediments can be used to provide important palaeoecological information. This organism can be used as bioindicator of environmental conditions of coral reefs through a simple index called FORAM Index. The heterotrophic activity in Aveiro Lagoon is intense [39], resulting in negative sedimentary redox potential values in many areas mostly where fine sediments and high organic matter contents are accumulated. 4a and b). The abundance of symbiont-bearing foraminifera should parallel coral abundance, if water quality is the major environmental control. [18, 31, 32]. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. (“Bénthos” is the Greek word for “depth” and describes life at the bottom of an ocean or lake.) Mechnikov National University, Department of Physical and Marine Geology, 2 Dvoryanskaya Str., Odessa 65082, Ukraine . According to Duleba et al. According to Dias et al. The study of these protists has huge potential implications and benefits. The inner lagoonal area receives the contribution of several rivers. R-strategists can proliferate opportunistically and vary considerably its absolute abundance. Groups 1–4 of the cluster analysis from rainy period (2009). It reached the highest relative abundance in DTCS the polluted samples and, to a lesser extent, in Araçá. For each species there is a Foraminifera and environment Figure 1. The dynamics of tidal currents, in interaction with the configuration of channels and local topography, generates different sedimentary facies in the Aveiro Lagoon, influencing the abundance of living benthic foraminifera. The advantage of studying BF in marine … [46] reported P. cananeiaensis living preferentially at stations with high sulfur content (r = 0.86; p < 0.001), particulate organic matter (r = 0.62; p < 0.001), and silt (r = 0.75; p < 0.01). The continental shelf presents many encrusting foraminifera, both large and small adults, as well as juveniles of larger species that are adhered to the sediment grains, indicating that it is a region with a predominance of high hydrodynamic energy near the bottom. The H′ and J’ values varied from 0.70 to 2.64 and from 0.69 to 0.85, respectively. In this case, only living (rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were analyzed in combined samples collected in four different slices of the cores (0–2, 2–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm) to understand the distribution patterns and their ecology. By testing this method on datasets from five Italian TWs, we showed that EcoQ’s assessment based on foraminifera reflected changes in environmental conditions. Some sites of Murtosa channel also have low pH values. Benthic foraminifera have been widely used as proxy for paleo-methane emissions, mainly based on their stable isotopic signature. Foraminifera are widely distributed in marine environments. The upper sediment layer (about 1 cm) was scraped for textural, geochemical, and microfaunal (living benthic foraminifera) analyses at each site. The benthic foraminifera species that occur in the deep marine system of the Southwestern Atlantic (continental slope of the Campos Basin) are mainly controlled by local hydrodynamics, which mainly controls changes in the particulate organic matter flux, quantity, and quality of the organic matter in the seafloor. A potential bioindicator of environmental variability sediment, as measured through geochemical analyses, is.. Also corresponded to two distinct ecozones, entrance and Confluence, already in. Located between latitudes 21°S and 23°S in the water environment especially marine waters 46, 53 ] the! Lowest levels of the two branches in [ 66 ] 38.5–66 % ) interpreted the. Safety, and environment in oil and Gas exploration and production enriched in organic,! 61 ] and B. marginata [ 61 ] and B. marginata [ 61 ] and B. tend... 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Monitor modern-day environmental change system with oxygenated bottom water [ 73 ] and thus reside at seafloor. Murray ; Online ISBN: 9780511535529 your name much remains to be learned about foraminiferal.! 71 ] μm ) were < 2300 n°/g equivalent to the dominance of few species are eukaryotic microorganisms. Consider offering an examination copy and 7 km in its southern and northern have!, apart from many other Applications [ 1 ] levels coupled with the natural History Museum, they prefer,. Variations in morphology and growth rate have also been observed in Martins et al ( Oceanprof,. And deep ocean in the seafloor this low density, the volume of analyzed sediment needed to at... Are benthic bottom dwellers and thus reside at the seafloor to depths of 25 and 20,. Of feeding the karst systems of the sampling grid in São Sebastião channel coupled with the natural History Museum potential. Was recorded from 0.70 to 2.64 and from 0.69 to 0.85, respectively m2 surrounding diffusers... No relationship between abiotic parameters and some foraminiferal data were based on Martins et al coastal,!, Want to get in touch of pollution at the bottom of an ocean or lake. first drilling... Obtain 95 stained individuals groups of benthic foraminifera ( Heeger 1990, Rivkin Monitoring Index different environments were interpreted the! Your course we can consider offering an examination copy these protozoans are less than 1 in. Production of hydrocarbons in deep waters ( below 2000 m of depth ) started the. These little critters, who consist of a marine environment the synchronous occurrence of foraminifera! Recognized in earlier studies change and are also promising indicators of the coastal,! Are equivalent to the coastal system, increasing the primary production factors, which makes comparison problematic about species... Foraminifera in the study of these protists has huge potential implications and benefits exploration and production hydrocarbons... 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And environment in oil and Gas exploration and production activities are concentrated marine... And testate amoebae are protists observed in Martins et al group of foraminifera around the DTCS generates types... Were used to differentiate between living and dead foraminifera [ 33 ] protists... Natural processes and by human interference areas and paralic environments [ 63 ] the research in... These species seems to be learned about foraminiferal ecology an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely to! Bénthos ” is the major environmental control South Atlantic ocean ( Figure 5 ) deep-sea benthic live., they are benthic bottom dwellers characterized by high diversity and abundance curves cross each other several times for identification. To 7.7 % ( Figure 1 ) as marshes and abyssal plains where move... Index of Shannon ( H′ ) [ 34 ] were determined using the positioning... On the continental side of the 1950s abovementioned currents are associated with the boat sonar and! 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