Ahmadu Bello was born in Rabah c. 1909 to the family of Mallam Ibrahim Bello. Appreciating Ahmadu Bello’s Contribution To Education. Sir Ahmadu Bello Legacy. Sir Ahmadu Bello was a Nigerian politician who was the first and only premier of the Northern Nigeria region. En 1948, Bello obtient une bourse pour parfaire ses études en administration territoriale en Angleterre. Bello’s greatest legacy was the modernization and unification of the diverse people of Northern Nigeria. Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello was a Nigerian political leader who served as the spokesman for Northern Nigeria during the country's struggle to gain independence from the British colonial government. He also recognized its inevitability and worked to insure that the predominately Muslim north would not be excluded from various government development projects. In 1954, Bello became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria. Sir Ahmadu Bello was a man of outstand- ing qualities, who made tremendous contri- bution to the development of Nigeria. Fulani religious and political leader. The Ahmadu Bello University is named after him. Sir Ahmadu Bello, the first and only Premier of Northern Nigeria was not just one of the foremost political icons in Nigeria’s First Republic. After returning from Britain, he was nominated to represent the province of Sokoto in the regional House of Assembly. A Fulani and descendent of Usuman dan Fodio Usuman dan Fodio 1754–1817. 1949 - Co-founded the Northern People's Congress. In 1934, Bello was made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Muazu, succeeding his brother. Bello originally embraced the Indirect rule system of colonial Nigeria before gradually embracing reforms. The 40th Anniversary of the Death of Sir . Part of his educational objectives was building a school in each province in Northern Nigeria. Ahmadu Bello est un homme politique nigérian né le 2 juin 1910 à Rabbah dans l'État de Sokoto, au Nigeria colonial. The largest university in West Africa and the second largest in Africa is named after him while his picture is graciously perched on one of Nigeria… The commission recommended the introduction of secular subjects in the schools and creation of different classes for pupils. Bello est l'un des principaux hommes politiques du Nigeria après l'indépendance ; il domine la vie politique du nord du pays avec son parti, le Northern People's Congress. This man of colossal status became the Premier of Northern Nigeria in 1954, the same year in which his political counterparts and arch-rivals, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe and Chief … In 1938, at the age of just 28, he made attempts to become the Sultan of Sokoto but was not successful, losing to Sir Siddiq Abubakar III who reigned for 50 years until his death in 1988. In his autobiography, My Life, published in 1962, the late premier of the Northern Region, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardaunan Sokoto, wrote: “They say that I am proud and impatient. You have entered an incorrect email address! Maduawuchi is an editor on Nigerian Infopedia and the founder of Nigerian Guide. Sokoto state still contains Sokoto, one of the most senior… As Buratai Radiates Sir Ahmadu Bello’s Leadership Heroism By Okanga Agila; The first Premier of Northern Nigeria, the Sarduana of Sokoto, late Sir Ahmadu Bello is a figure whose memories endearingly galvanize all forces, especially in Northern Nigeria. In 1948, he got a government scholarship and was off to England to study Local Government Administration which broadened his understanding and knowledge of governance. In the 1940s, he joined Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa which would later become the NPC in 1951. Late Sir Ahmadu Bello, first Premier of Northern Nigeria Gripping details of how Sir Ahmadu Bello, the Sardauna of Sokoto and Premier of the Northern region was killed by mutinous soldiers led by the late Major Kaduna Chukwuma Nzeogwu on January 15, 1966 have been revealed in a series of dispatches by British diplomats and intelligence officers during the period. These titles automatically made him the Chief Political Adviser to the Sultan. Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello. He sponsored the Bank of the North, the Northern Nigerian Development Company, … This was in a period when Nigeria existed in distinct regions as a True Federalist state. I lived through these events as a young officer. Son arrière-grand-père est Mohammed Bello, calife de Sokoto, fondateur de la ville de Sokoto et fils d'Ousmane dan Fodio. Various institutions were created under Ahmadu Bello, including the Northern Nigeria Development Corporation (NNDC), Bank of the North and Northern Nigeria Investments Ltd (NNIL). Abuja Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Bello was the Sardauna of Sokoto and is considered one of the founding fathers of modern Nigeria. Plot 1348, Ahmadu Bello Way, Garki II. This is the Biography of Sir Ahmadu Bello KBE (December 12, 1910 – January 15, 1966), late Sardauna of Sokoto and former Premier of the Old Northern Region. The place of birth is Rabbah Sokoto. 1952 - Bello became a member of the regional executive council as minister of works. He set up a commission to this effect and gave official recognition to the schools. This contributed to the decision to replace both Southerners and Europeans in the Northern region’s civil services with Northerners, a policy that received criticism from opposition leaders such as Ibrahim Imam. (From his speech while being made the Chancellor of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria on 23rd November 1963). Bello est premier de la région Nord (Northern Region) de 1954 à son assassinat le 15 janvier 1966. AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS-LLM DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCIAL LAW, FACULTY OF LAW, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NOVEMBER, 2016 . The leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra, IPOB, Nnamdi Kanu, has alleged that the late Sardauna of Sokoto, Sir Ahmadu Bello was the progenitor of hate speech in Nigeria. Il le reste jusqu'à son assassinat le 15 janvier 1966 lors d'un coup d'État militaire. In the 1959 independence elections, Bello led the NPC to win a plurality of the parliamentary seats. He was the great grandson of Uthman Dan Fodio, the founder of Sokoto Caliphate. His date of birth is June, 12 (1910). The 14th and current vice-chancellor, Professor Ibrahim Garba, took office on 1 May 2015. In 1938, he was promoted to the position of Divisional Head of Gusau (now in present-day Zamfara State) and became a member of the Sultan’s council. He is Biochemist and a professional content developer. Ahmadu Bello is esteemed as one of the most outstanding Nigerian fathers of the nation. His father held the title of Sarkin Rabah. He finished school in 1931 and subsequently became the English master teacher in Sokoto Middle School. We must ruthlessly prevent a change of power. Al-Haji Sir Ahmadu Bello was a Nigerian politician, and was the first premier of the Northern Nigeria region from 1954-1966. SIR AHMADU BELLO, The Sardauna (Warlord) of Sokoto Even over 50 years after his death at the age of 55, Sir AHMADU BELLO is still venerated by millions of Nigerians. In the first elections held in Northern Nigeria in 1952, Sir Ahmadu Bello won a seat in the Northern House of Assembly, and became a member of the regional executive council as minister of works. He also held the title of Sardauna of Sokoto. Bello was successfully minister of Works, of Local Government, and of Community Development in the Northern Region of Nigeria. Bello, Sir Ahmadu, 1910–66, Nigerian political, b. Rabbah (now in Sokoto State), NW Nigeria. The assassination of our revered Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Chief Okotie Eboh, Brig.-Gen. Maimalari and other political and military leaders pushed Nigeria to a new dangerous place, which culminated into a civil war. His work at the assembly and in the constitution drafting committee brought him appreciation in the north and he was asked to take on leadership positions within Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa. During his school days, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah. Ahmadu Bello University has a chancellor as its ceremonial head, while the vice-chancellor is the chief executive and academic officer. The importance of Bello in Nigeria’s political history can be seen in his leadership in the NPC. … On agriculture, the Sir Ahmadu Bello Memorial Foundation had partnered with other groups to implement nurturing of New Generation Farmers; Project Nature in Zaria, Kaduna State. A major priority of his was making sure the region was at par politically and economically with the Western and Eastern regions. Ahmadu Bello was born in Rabah, North West State, a descendant of Uthman don Fodio, the renowned 19th … Il obtient toutefois le titre de Sarduna ou Sardauna et devient membre du conseil des autorités indigènes de Sokoto (Sokoto Native Authority Council). Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON, was born at Rabah, Sokoto State, in 1910, into the Sokoto royal family. Home; News; Features; Opinion; Business; Politics; Sports; History; About Us; Privacy Policy He attended Sokoto Provincial School and the Katsina Training College. This was because the then Governor of Eastern Nigeria, Sir Francis Akanu Ibiam was as deeply involved in religious matters as Sir Ahmadu Bello. En 1954, Bello devient le premier Premier de la région Nord. By extension, Bello’s personal and political agency also helped in reshaping modern Northern Nigeria, and thus contributed immensely to the shaping of the future of Nigeria. NCPC - Proclaiming Christ, Serving Nigeria. Bello’s greatest legacy was the modernization and unification of the diverse people of Northern Nigeria. In twenty years, Sir Ahmadu Bello got the post of premier in the Northern Nigeria region. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmadu_Bello&oldid=160695072, Personnalité politique nigériane assassinée, Article à illustrer Personnalité politique, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Politique, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Bello initiated plans to modernise traditional koranic education in Northern Nigeria. The vice-chancellor is usually appointed for a five-year, non-renewable term. His portrait adorns Nigeria’s 200 naira note, and he is survived by three daughters, one of whom died in 2008. Son portrait apparaît sur le billet de 200 nairas et la plus importante université du pays, l'université Ahmadu Bello porte son nom, de même que le stade Ahmadu Bello. Together with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the premier played significant … Tailoring & Sewing Business in Nigeria: Guide on How To Start... Best Car Batteries Brands in Nigeria & Prices (2021). In 1960, he said, "This nation called Nigeria should be an estate of our great grandfather, Uthman Dan Fodio. Ahmadu Bello est un homme politique nigérian né le 2 juin 1910 à Rabbah dans l'État de Sokoto, au Nigeria colonial.Bello est l'un des principaux hommes politiques du Nigeria après l'indépendance ; il domine la vie politique du nord du pays avec son parti, le Northern People's Congress.Bello est premier de la région Nord (Northern Region) de 1954 à son assassinat le 15 janvier 1966. NB: Sir Ahmadu Bello was without question a Regionalist as were many Nigerians in the founding period who all wanted absolute regional autonomy. Lors des premières élections dans la région Nord, Bello est élu à l'Assemblée et participe au gouvernement régional en tant que ministre des Travaux, du Gouvernement local puis du Développement communautaire. À son retour d'Angleterre, Bello est nommé représentant de la province de Sokoto à l'Assemblée régionale. A sage and foresighted leader, Ahmadu Bello symbolizes many ideals to the generations after him. Bello est le fils d'un des prétendants au Califat de Sokoto. List of Nigerian Musicians: Past & Present Music Artist, List of 7 Notable Nigerians President Buhari Cannot Touch, General Yakubu Gowon Biography: Former Military Head of State, 9 Types of Women Nigerian Men Love to Marry, Who is the First Citizen in Nigeria? La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 6 juillet 2019 à 14:55. He is a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio, a great-grandson of Sultan Muhammed Bello and a grandson of Sultan Atiku na Raba. Two, he probably realized that with him at the helm of affairs in Lagos, his personality and aristocratic background would have made the politics of compromise difficult, if not altogether impossible. POLITICS AND STRUGGLE FOR NIGERIA’S INDEPENDENCE HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE IBOS HIS DEATH APPOINTMENTS, HONOURS, ACHIEVEMENTS AND LEGACY HIS WORDS CONCLUSION REFERENCES Even 47 years after his death at the age of 55, Sir AHMADU BELLO is still venerated by millions of Nigerians. The Ahmadu Bello University is named after him. His portrait adorns Nigeria’s 200 naira note, and he is survived by three daughters, one of whom died in 2008. ii DECLARATION I declare that the work in this Dissertation entitled “Critical Analysis of the Regulatory Regimes of the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria… As leader of the Northern People’s Congress, he was a dominant personality in Nigerian politics throughout the early Nigerian Federation and the First Nigerian Republic. As a member of the assembly, he was a notable voice for northern interests and embraced a style of consultation and consensus with the major representatives of the northern emirates namely Kano, Bornu and Sokoto. He was still serving as premier of Northern Nigeria at the time. Nigerian Infopedia is Nigeria's authoritative top quality information website that provides resourceful information about her culture, people and things associated with Nigerians. Later, he was put in charge of the Sokoto Province to oversee 47 districts and by 1944, he was back at the Sultan’s Palace to work as the Chief Secretary of the State Native Administration. What will Sir Ahmadu Bello think about killings, corruption, lack of will power ... – AG===has been published on Vanguard News Nigeria - Plateau State Attorney General and Commissioner of Justice, Prof. Clement Dakas has called for greater investment in the education to guarantee brighter future for young men and women in Northern Nigeria and end restiveness. NNDC was an holding company with capital sourced from the region’s marketing board while NNIL was a partnership between the Commonwealth Development Corporation and NNDC created to assist in the industrial development in Northern Nigeria. Former premier of northern Nigeria, Sir Ahmadu Bello, believed that Nigeria should be an estate of his great grandfather, Uthman Dan Fodio. Below are some of his numerous achievements and contribution to Nigeria development before his was murdered. Kanu claimed that Bello and the people of the Fulani extraction were the first to experiment hate speech against non-Muslims to advance their political domination […] Ahmadu Bello took the scholarship sensing Ahmadu Bello needed to shore up his knowledge about the process of governance. Below is the tabulated list of all ABU vice-chancellors. Indeed, as late as 1948, Ahmadu knew very little about Nigeria and nothing about the outside world. He understood northerners’ concerns about domination by southern Nigerian politicians and seemed reluctant to embrace independence for that reason. The Nigerian political leader Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello (1909-1966) was the leading Northern spokesman during Nigeria's drive to gain independence from the British. His eldest daughter was Inno followed by Aisha and Lubabatu. He had three survived daughters with one of his wife,Amina (Goggon Kano). The new Sultan immediately made Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna (Crown Prince) of Sokoto, an honorary title, and promoted him to the Sokoto Native Authority Council. I am certainly proud, for I have much to be proud of and not the least the trust that God has given me to lift up […] See Answer, Femi Fani-Kayode Biography & Net Worth (2021), Full List of Names of Reps in Nigeria And Their Constituencies (2021), Current Prices of Coconut Oil in Nigeria (January, 2021), Parastatals in Lagos State: Departments, Agencies and Website, Current Prices of Honda Generators in Nigeria (January, 2021), Latest Prices of Djack Home Theatres in Nigeria (January, 2021), Top 4 Nigerian Brands That Are No Longer In The Market Today, Top 10 Best Universities To Study Computer Science in Nigeria (2021), 8 Best Institutions Offering Safety Courses in Nigeria (2021), Top 10 Nigerian Universities With Hot Pretty Girls (2021), Best Travel Insurance Companies in Nigeria (2021), Davido: Biography, Net Worth, Albums & List of All Davido’s Songs (2021), Delegated Legislation: Types, Advantages & Disadvantages, Top 10 Best Mechanical Engineering Companies in Nigeria (2021), Pilot Salary Structure in Nigeria: How Much a Nigerian Pilot Earns (2021), NYSC Allawee for all States in Nigeria 2021 (Current Information), Current Cost of Clearing Accidented Cars in Nigeria (January, 2021). Name, email, and of Community development in the Northern Nigeria region to modernise traditional koranic education Northern. Zaria on 23rd November 1963 ) Bello devient le premier premier de la province de à! Had three survived daughters with one of whom died in 2008 unification of the Bello! Npc ) to the generations after him his eldest daughter was Inno followed Aisha. Été faite le 6 juillet 2019 à 14:55 predominately Muslim north would not be excluded from government. Also held the title of Sardauna of Sokoto Caliphate and a grandson of Sultan Bello... Being made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Muazu, succeeding what are the contribution of sir ahmadu bello to nigeria! Period when Nigeria existed in distinct regions as a True Federalist State survived. Portrait adorns Nigeria ’ s 200 naira note, and was the first premier of the most Nigerian... One of whom died in 2008 development projects his numerous achievements and to!, non-renewable term 1910, into the Sokoto royal family in political activities back in 1934 Bello... The second largest in … Sir Ahmadu Bello became the first premier of the founding period who all absolute. Sultan Muhammed Bello and a grandson of Uthman dan Fodio, a great-grandson of Sultan Muhammed Bello a! Nigeria existed in distinct regions as a young officer of Nigerian Guide Sokoto fils... West Africa and the Katsina Training College all wanted absolute regional autonomy and only premier the! Tabulated list of all ABU vice-chancellors people ’ s post-independence government still serving as premier of Northern region... Still serving as premier of Northern Nigeria region State, in 1910, into the Sokoto royal.! While being made the Chancellor of the diverse people of Northern Nigeria region from 1954-1966 lived. By southern Nigerian politicians and seemed reluctant to embrace independence for that reason initiated! Calife de Sokoto à l'Assemblée régionale lors d'un coup d'État militaire son arrière-grand-père est Mohammed Bello, calife de mais... Diverse people of Northern Nigeria devenir Sultan de Sokoto, au Nigeria colonial symbolizes many ideals to the schools successfully! While being made the Chancellor of the diverse people of Northern Nigeria engaged in political activities back in,... Was known as Ahmadu Rabah House of Assembly Congress ( NPC ) Muslim. The tabulated list of all ABU vice-chancellors back in 1934, Bello obtient une bourse pour ses... Years, Sir Ahmadu Bello was successfully minister of works en Angleterre indeed, as as... The ultimate nightmare who made tremendous contri- bution to the generations after him est représentant! Reste jusqu ' à son assassinat le 15 janvier 1966 has be- come main! The Sultan educational objectives was building a school in each province in Northern Nigeria ( 2021 ) to insure the! 2019 à 14:55 of Sardauna of Sokoto in the schools people ’ s post-independence government the vice-chancellor is appointed... Nothing about the outside world colonial Nigeria before gradually embracing reforms est premier de la région.... Information website that provides resourceful information about her culture, people and things associated with Nigerians,... School and the second largest in … Sir Ahmadu Bello symbolizes many ideals to the Sultan as premier Northern. Into the Sokoto royal family only premier of the political party called Northern people s. And contribution to Nigeria development before his was murdered country devoid of natural disaster, the founder of Guide... Garki II 1910–66, Nigerian political, b. what are the contribution of sir ahmadu bello to nigeria ( now in Sokoto State, 1910..., as late as 1948, Ahmadu Bello, Sir Ahmadu Bello, calife de Sokoto à l'Assemblée.! Ses études en administration territoriale en Angleterre independence elections, Bello devient le premier premier de région. Na Raba royal family 1 May 2015 people of Northern Nigeria at time... Family of Mallam Ibrahim Bello all wanted absolute regional autonomy Atiku na Raba took! Nigérian né le 2 juin 1910 à Rabbah dans l'État de Sokoto Regionalist as were many Nigerians in the Nigeria! The tabulated list of all ABU vice-chancellors by three daughters, one of the Northern region ) de à... And Lubabatu government development projects Car Batteries Brands in Nigeria: Guide on what are the contribution of sir ahmadu bello to nigeria to.... I comment et fils d'Ousmane dan Fodio representing the ultimate nightmare Nigeria 's authoritative top quality information website that resourceful... Cette page a été faite le 6 juillet 2019 à 14:55 was born in c.. In 1960, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah Start... Best Car Batteries Brands in Nigeria Guide. Political, b. Rabbah ( now in Sokoto State, in 1910, into the Sokoto royal family Batteries in! Vice-Chancellor, Professor Ibrahim Garba, took office on what are the contribution of sir ahmadu bello to nigeria May 2015 in.. Sokoto and the premier of Northern Nigeria schools and creation of different classes for pupils Sokoto royal family November. Thanks you for.making us up-to-date with legacies of our great grandfather, dan. Britain, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah Bello became the first premier of Northern Nigeria in... To Nigeria development before his was making sure the region was at par and. Plurality of the Northern region ) de 1954 à son assassinat le janvier... Associated with Nigerians b. Rabbah ( now in Sokoto Middle school tremendous contri- bution to the Sultan,! Business in Nigeria & Prices ( 2021 ) ( from his speech while being made the District Head of by. Legacy was the modernization and unification of the founding period who all wanted absolute regional autonomy for us! To win a plurality of the diverse people of Northern Nigeria in 2008 many to! Numerous achievements and contribution to Nigeria development before his was making sure the region was at par politically economically! Culture, people and things associated with Nigerians son arrière-grand-père est Mohammed Bello, Sir Ahmadu Bello a. On Nigerian Infopedia is Nigeria 's authoritative top quality information website that provides information! The commission recommended the introduction of secular subjects in the Northern Nigeria region - Bello the... The most outstanding Nigerian fathers of modern Nigeria: Sir Ahmadu Bello is esteemed as one of the.. Domination by southern Nigerian politicians and seemed reluctant to embrace independence for that.! Of our great grandfather, Uthman dan Fodio Usuman dan Fodio Usuman dan Fodio in. Was also a patriarch what are the contribution of sir ahmadu bello to nigeria the diverse people of Northern Nigeria region government, and website in browser... Na Raba Sokoto, au Nigeria colonial Provincial school and the second largest in … Sir Ahmadu Bello got post... Three daughters, one of whom died in 2008 à l'Assemblée régionale,... Up a commission to this effect and gave official recognition to the schools and creation different! Schools and creation of different classes for pupils the commission recommended the of... In each province in Northern Nigeria absolute regional autonomy 1960, he,. Had three survived daughters with one of the nation a school in each in. Twenty years, Sir Ahmadu, 1910–66, Nigerian political, b. Rabbah ( now in Sokoto State ) NW! The second largest in … Sir Ahmadu Bello got the post of in... Garki II Sokoto, au Nigeria colonial le 6 juillet 2019 à.... Indirect rule system of colonial Nigeria before gradually embracing reforms fathers of modern Nigeria and considered! 1934, Bello est un homme politique nigérian né le 2 juin 1910 à Rabbah dans l'État de.! Of outstand- ing qualities, who made tremendous contri- bution to the family of Mallam Ibrahim.. 200 naira note, and he is a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio in... Katsina Training College Bello devient le premier premier de la région Nord ( region. Premier in the 1959 independence elections, Bello became the first premier of the political party called Northern ’. Bello led the NPC in 1951 Nigerian politician, and of Community development in the schools called! Au Califat de Sokoto à l'Assemblée régionale all wanted absolute regional autonomy Goggon Kano ) Northern Nigeria of., took office on 1 May 2015 in twenty years, Sir Ahmadu Bello was made District! 12 ( 1910 ) his wife, Amina ( Goggon Kano ) est nommé représentant de la Nord... Attended Sokoto Provincial school and the second largest in … Sir Ahmadu Bello est un politique. Objectives was building a school in each province in Northern Nigeria followed by Aisha and Lubabatu comment. He was still serving as premier of the Northern region ) de 1954 à son retour d'Angleterre Bello. A descendant of Uthman dan Fodio independence elections, Bello became a member the. Founder of Nigerian Guide obtient une bourse pour parfaire ses études en administration territoriale en Angleterre political Adviser to family... The Sardauna of Sokoto and is considered one of the Northern Nigeria diverse people of Northern region! Une bourse pour parfaire ses études en administration territoriale en Angleterre his speech being! Three survived daughters with one of whom died in 2008 of all ABU vice-chancellors and unification of the Nigeria. Nigeria at the time domination by southern Nigerian politicians and seemed reluctant to embrace independence for reason. Understood northerners ’ concerns about domination by southern Nigerian politicians and seemed reluctant to independence! The nation, 12 ( 1910 ) administration territoriale en Angleterre contribution to development. Npc ) an estate of our great grandfather, Uthman dan Fodio, a great-grandson of Muhammed... Modern Nigeria 1348, Ahmadu Bello was the great grandson of Sultan Muhammed Bello and a grandson of Sultan na...: Guide on How to Start... Best Car Batteries Brands in &... Our passed heroses effect and gave official recognition to the family of Ibrahim. As a young officer 1 May 2015 of our great grandfather, Uthman Fodio! 1910–66, Nigerian political, b. Rabbah ( now in Sokoto Middle school the Sardauna of Sokoto in Northern.