People didn't understand why it worked, and it was never risk-free, but the smallpox death rate dropped, from around 30 percent to two percent. CEU: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is authorized by IACET to offer .1 CEU's for this program. We have dozens of studies! NARRATOR: After many months of searching the world for answers, they discovered the clues to Luke's illness lay on the other side of Melbourne. Seventy years later, an English doctor named Edward Jenner took the next vital step. View Nova’s “Vaccines-Calling the Shots” You will be watching a 50 minutes video then you will be answering some questions about the video. He demonstrated that deliberate infection with a mild, non-fatal disease, called "cowpox," would protect against smallpox. And in eight days' time they are as well as before their illness. Amazing, right? AMY MIDDLEMAN: The sex part, the way in which you get the target disease is irrelevant. You Call the Shots consists of a series of modules that discuss vaccine-preventable diseases and the latest recommendations for vaccine storage, administration, and use. MARIANNA FASTOVSKY (Mother): So, I'm kind of debating whether I will do them, but I'm also debating the age. Major funding for NOVA is provided by the David H. Koch Fund for Science, the NOVA Science Trust, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and PBS viewers. JANE ZUCKER: The thing about measles is, you know, it's droplet-spread. WB4095: Immunization: You Call the Shots-Module One-General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization-2019. (Credit expires 12/31/2020) To receive continuing education (CE) In order to receive continuing education (CE) for WB4266 Immunization: You Call the Shots-Module Ten-Storage and Handling—2020, please visit TCEO at www.cdc.gov/getCE and follow the 9 Simple … Vaccine ingredients. Vaccines do not cause illness, but minor symptoms can occur, such as fever. NARRATOR: The recommended vaccine schedule is designed to close this window of vulnerability. NARRATOR: By 1994, the only cases of polio in the U.S. were those caused by the oral vaccine itself. It's the worst kind of contagion: it's airborne. Inactivated vaccines also fight viruses and bacteria. The 2013 measles outbreak in New York hit hard and fast, but remained within the Brooklyn area. That is, before they become sexually active. She went back to school and played with some friends. PBS Airdate: September 10, 2014. So, you can have genes causing your epilepsy, but triggers are commonly sleep deprivation, stress and, in this situation, vaccination is a trigger. BRIAN ZIKMUND-FISHER: All of our lives are surrounded by the risks of every day. Five-hundred years ago, about one in three children died before the age of five. NARRATOR: A search began, to see if the link between autism and the MMR vaccine could be confirmed. Most people would get sick but recover. DR. PAUL OFFIT (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia): Your job is to try and save children's lives, and when you stand helplessly by and watch them die, it gets to you. Each module provides learning opportunities, self-test practice questions, reference and resource materials, and an extensive glossary. Since the beginning of our young century there have been outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, flaring up like so many wildfires. NARRATOR: David's paralysis was eventually tracked back to the vaccine, and to a series of events that occurred over 50 years ago. Yet, for parents, it can be hard not to worry about potential risks. And I am worried about the diseases, so I'm kind of confused, really. If they spot something foreign, like flu, they prepare to fight. This is New York. NARRATOR: Decision scientist, Brian Zikmund-Fisher, studies how we think about risk. NARRATOR: On the other side of Oklahoma City, one woman knows only too well the cost of not being able to prevent her daughter's cancer. CE Instructions for. Then, in 2008, a 10-year-old girl returned from holiday in Austria. Pass the posttest at 80%. LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU (From letters, Mutter Museum/Voiceover): The children play together all the rest of the day, then the fever begins to seize them, and they keep to their beds two days, very seldom three. Occasionally, children can have a seizure after a vaccine, but this is usually a brief, one-time event, with no damage. Maximum advanced level continuing education contact hours available are 1. DR. HEIDI LARSON (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine): There isn't just a world polarized between pro- and anti-vaccine populations. (Credit expires 12/31/21) To receive continuing education (CE) In order to receive continuing education (CE) for WB4418 Immunization: You Call the Shots-Module Sixteen-Vaccines for Children Program—2021, please visit TCEO at www.cdc.gov… JOHN SALAMONE: So, it just seemed to get worse. Watch Preview. It shouldn't be given. Fifty-eight were infected, including two pregnant women. Is the statement below True or False? All ingredients of vaccines play necessary roles either in making the vaccine, triggering the body to develop immunity, or in ensuring that the final product is safe and effective. NOVA's "Vaccines—Calling the Shots" takes viewers around the world to track epidemics, explore the science behind vaccinations, hear from parents wrestling with vaccine-related questions, and shed light on the risks of opting out. The Universal Activity Number is JA4008229-0000-21-008-H06-P. Once credit is claimed, an unofficial statement of credit is immediately available on TCEOnline. CDC, our planners, our content experts, and their spouses/partners wish to disclose they have no financial interests or other relationships with the manufacturers of commercial products, suppliers of commercial services, or commercial supporters. I don't know if that's the right way. The system worked. A free vaccine administration e-Learn is available that offers continuing education for health care personnel, including CME, CNE, CEU, CPE, CPH, and CHES. Who doesn't want that for their child? For Certified Public Health Professionals (CPH) She vaccinated at first, but then one child had a seizure. JANE ZUCKER: If we didn't have the high vaccination levels that we do, you know, in New York City and, and even in, in this community, I can promise you we would have had hundreds, if not thousands, of cases. YULIA PATSAY: There's just so much information there, and I don't, I don't know who to ask. And because the vaccine's effectiveness can wear off after a few years, older children and adults without boosters are also vulnerable. PAUL OFFIT: Edward Jenner's observation caused us to eliminate a disease from the face of the earth, a disease that killed as many as 500-million people. NARRATOR: But as vaccination made smallpox disappear, a curious thing happened: stories began to circulate of the dangers of the vaccination itself. That's a big deal. So, if an infection strikes a little infant, then there's a great vulnerability. I walk across the street, I could be hit by a car. NARRATOR: Like any medication, vaccines are not risk-free, but the risk of a severe side effect is extremely small: for a life-threatening event, like a severe allergic reaction, it's around one in a million, ten times the number of people in this stadium. They gave him some oxygen and they said, "We need to take him to hospital right now.". In the U.S., more than 90 percent of parents vaccinate their children, and most follow the recommended schedule. And I'm here today, as I am every weekend, visiting her. Vaccines—Calling the Shots. And that's a good thing. If you think you may have a medical emergency, immediately call your doctor or dial 911. And, obviously, if the only cases of polio you have in a country come from the very vaccine designed to prevent it, it doesn't pass. NARRATOR: Gabriella Makstman wants to vaccinate her two children, but she's chosen not to follow the recommended vaccine schedule. In 2012, the outbreak continued in the United Kingdom; in 2013, it made the leap to the United States. We ask them to trust that we are recommending the best thing for their children. The question is, what causes it? Then, in 1955, came an announcement that changed history. CDC did not accept commercial support for this continuing education activity. Is it okay to have a seizure?" As a pediatrician, he's witnessed, firsthand, children dying from preventable diseases. The series is designed to provide key immunization knowledge in a very basic step-by-step manner. JOHN SALAMONE: This vaccine had a problem, and there was a better one, and we fixed it. M. Suzanne Johnson-DeLeon, MPH, Health Education and Information Specialist, CDC/NCIRD Diseases that were largely eradicated in the United States a generation ago—whooping cough, measles, mumps—are returning, in part because nervous parents are skipping their children's shots. The inactivated polio vaccine is an example of this type of vaccine. ... OTHER QUIZLET SETS. And I would like to believe that there is something in us that allows us to see it that way. BRIAN ZIKMUND-FISHER: These kinds of serious reactions are really that rare. And their development slowly slows down, so they'd have normal development, and then between one to two years of age, it sort of plateaus. We live with risk, because it's part of what we all face in terms of getting what we want. NARRATOR: In a world of often conflicting information, parents are seeking what's best for their families, while doctors worry about losing lives. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Because the less often we vaccinate, the more our lives will be touched, perhaps slowly at first, but eventually more and more by diseases that we once thought were gone. It just makes me very, very sad. If there was something I could have done to protect her, of course I would have. NARRATOR: Just as the underlying causes of autism are being illuminated, there's another controversy brewing, this time, around a vaccine that prevents cancer. It was one of the most feared diseases of the 20th century. I love having this conversation here, in this room, because what we really need to do is to get back into the mindset of the people who were sitting here in 1955. The immune cells mount the defense. JOHN SALAMONE (HOME VIDEO): Okay, David, come on down. A generation ago, whooping cough was rarely seen in developed countries. NARRATOR: A vaccine, in effect, sends in an imposter: a weakened or dead part of the germ, just enough to be recognized. These have been carefully investigated. You know, I mean, just, yeah, probably a little reaction, but, don't worry about it.". DR. JANE ZUCKER (New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene): It's astounding to me that you can have people dying of measles in the developed world. He helped invent a vaccine to protect against rotavirus disease, which kills hundreds of thousands of children worldwide. And what's the most emotional story? Learn more about how vaccines work with the body’s immune system and different types of immunity.. But today, powerful concerns are in circulation. Review Immunization History Reviewing and assessing a patient’s immunization history should be done at every health care visit to help determine which vaccines may be needed. You Call the Shots is an interactive, web-based immunization training course. It's really important that it occurred so close to his vaccination. Many are cervical cancer, in females, or throat cancers, in males. And I'm looking at this child, examining this child, and I was like "This can't be. We came out with the vaccination, and that number decreased significantly, so less people are getting sick, less people are getting affected. CE Instructions for NARRATOR: Vaccines protect us individually, in case the person next to us is carrying a dangerous germ, and the higher the overall vaccination rate, the more protection for everyone. The vaccine literally created massive outbreaks and pandemics. It will find those people who are unprotected in, in a community. WB4417: Immunization: You Call the Shots-Module Ten-Storage and Handling—2021 Who's a pretty girl? Measles quickly spread through unvaccinated families living in the same building and then out into the community. Why did we do this? INGRID SCHEFFER (Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne): Hello, Lukey. NARRATOR: Around 60-million doses of the H.P.V. ALISON SINGER (Jodie's Mother): This beautiful girl is my daughter, Jodie. NARRATOR: Our lives are linked as never before, connected every day in a thousand unseen ways. Suddenly we noticed that he wasn't even able to move his lower extremities. A young American travelled from London to Brooklyn, infected with the virus. OBJECTIVES: At the conclusion of the session, the participant will be able to: e-Learn: Vaccine Administration. Yeah, you'll see measles in third world countries, in other countries. JOHN SALAMONE (Father of Polio Patient): So we took him to the pediatrician, and he basically said, "Oh, it's, it's nothing. NARRATOR: So, as autism reveals its secrets, it's increasingly clear that childhood vaccines cannot be the cause. NARRATOR: Diseases largely unseen for a generation, are returning. So, our job, as providers, is to make sure we separate the issues and bring forth the important ones that should be considered. A healthy person 40 years of age or younger traveling to a country that has a high rate of hepatitis A infection should be vaccinated a minimum of 4 weeks before travel to ensure protection. NARRATOR: Paul Offit is an infectious disease expert. And they get really sticky, thick phlegm that they can't shift, and they try to and that causes them to cough. Now six months old, he's recovering well. NARRATOR: In America, children must be vaccinated before they start kindergarten, but the required shots vary from state to state and most allow for exemptions based on personal or religious beliefs. AMY MIDDLEMAN: So, people often say they wish they could prevent cancer. MARIANNA FASTOVSKY: My son and her, they're not vaccinated yet, and my older ones don't have boosters. DR. DAN GESCHWIND (University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine): It's really extraordinary. NARRATOR: Half of all infants younger than one will be hospitalized; about one in 100 dies. CDC eLearn: Immunization: You Call the Shots-Module Ten-Storage and Handling—2020 This module is the tenth in a series titled Immunization: You Call the Shots and focuses on storage and handling requirements for vaccines. That's up to 28 immunizations in the first two years of life, to protect against 14 different diseases. DR. DARYL EFRON (Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia): Whooping cough is caused by a really nasty bacteria called Bordetella pertussis, and that produces a toxin that attacks the airways and causes a really nasty bronchitis. A Journalist's Guide to Covering Outbreaks of Vaccine-Preventable Disease, The Secret Life of Scientists and Engineers. Around 80 percent of Americans will catch it at some stage in their lives. If we hadn't done this, he'd be fine. vaccine and sex is a concern. On the other hand, I think sometimes we expect parents to have all the data that we have as physicians, and it's not really fair. NARRATOR: Amy Middleman is a mother of three. This child looks like she has measles. Scientists examined the medical records of hundreds of thousands of children. For most, it's harmless, but for some it causes cancer. They knew that there was something going on, that, that protected you, they just had no idea what it was or why. Macroeconomics Chapter 20. YULIA PATSAY: I don't know where we came up with that. CE Instructions for. PAUL OFFIT: We've got to give people credit. A vaccine is a preparation of an innocuous (harmless) form of a disease-causing agent, used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against disease. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. (Credit expires 2/18/2021) To receive continuing education (CE) In order to receive continuing education (CE) for WB4095 Immunization: You Call the Shots-Module One-General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization-2019, please visit TCEO at www.cdc.gov/getCE and follow the 9 … And it just, it started getting overwhelming. BRIAN ZIKMUND-FISHER: Our lack of understanding of vaccines is something that would naturally evoke fear in us, but once we acknowledge that a vaccine, by its very nature, is going to make us afraid, then we have to ask the next question, which is, "Well, why should I be doing it?". The majority of children have no side effects from a vaccine. National corporate funding for NOVA is provided by Draper. Wherever they live, parents continue to weigh what's best for their children and health officials continue to worry about saving lives. They discovered that the histories and symptoms matched those of a rare form of epilepsy, called Dravet syndrome. The immune system is a natural defense system that uses biological processes to fight invaders such as germs. Describe proper vaccine storage and temperature monitoring equipment. English (US) & Research Projects for $10 - $30. It presents practice-oriented content about immunization. MARIANNA FASTOVSKY: I'm just really worried, you know, about reactions. NARRATOR: Changing and adapting vaccines as new evidence emerges is a vital and ongoing process, but sometimes vaccines are blamed for causing harm, when there's no scientific proof. Ltd. for WGBH Boston. And what are the consequences for those who vaccinate and those who don't. Antibiotics can reduce the chance of infecting others, but there is no cure. Sir Gustav Nossal is a world renowned immunologist. NARRATOR: Yet parents may worry about side effects, even when they are rare. We don't see measles in New York! And the less the disease exists in my circle or the next circle or the next circle, the safer I am. To receive continuing education (CE) Then, launching powerful germ-seeking agents, called "antibodies," they tag the germs for disposal. WB4266: Immunization: You Call the Shots-Module Ten-Storage and Handling—2020. COVID-19 Vaccine Training Modules. It consists of a series of modules that discuss vaccine-preventable diseases and explain the latest recommendations for vaccine use. And anybody with epilepsy has triggers for their seizures. Start studying Vaccines- calling the shots video. Some of these gene mutations are inherited, but many are new, as in Dravet syndrome. To me, this is a lifesaving vaccine. Several days later, the girls became ill. But there are extremely rare cases, where a vaccine has done harm, cases like David Salamone's. If you start to decrease vaccine immunization rates, you start to see the diseases re-emerge. NARRATOR: In the 1950s, tens of thousands of American children were paralyzed by polio, and thousands of them died. There have been claims of rare, serious reactions, even deaths. For highly infectious diseases like measles, we need 95 percent of the community vaccinated for herd immunity to hold. Tangled Bank Studios, LLC is a production company established and funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Additional Material © 2014 WGBH Educational Foundation, This program was produced by WGBH, which is solely responsible for its content, IMAGE (children playing) © Peter Cade/Getty Images, A Journalist's Guide to Covering Outbreaks of Vaccine-Preventable Disease is intended as a resource for reporters. (Mother of Amy Middleman's Patient): I want her to make the decision, when she gets of age. You could argue that the same fears are alive today. Additional funding for this program is provided by Millicent Bell, through the Millicent and Eugene Bell Foundation. Osman Chandab is seven weeks old. Still other studies failed to find any link between autism and the number or timing of vaccines. A NOVA Production by Tangled Bank Studios, LLC in association with Genepool Productions Pty. And to be able to prevent that is such a gift. I mean, they got it right. angelenaalonzo19. What started as a runny nose and slight cough has become frightening episodes where he's struggling to breathe. His study of 12 children was published in a major medical journal, The Lancet. GUSTAV NOSSAL: When that flu bug enters your body, the white cells like to move in on it, and they get a bit angry. BRIAN ZIKMUND-FISHER: What we think about is, "What's going to happen to my kid? It's a history that we don't seem to learn from. This is true of vaccines as well. NARRATOR: Vaccines deliver a remarkable but often invisible gift, protecting against diseases we may never see around us. NARRATOR: Lady Mary successfully inoculated her own son and introduced the technique to England. Anthropologist Heidi Larson, studies why people do, or don't, place trust in vaccines. But sometimes, these connections can pose an invisible threat, if the object we touch, or the air we share, carries a dangerous germ. Vaccines help train the immune system to respond to a pathogen by mimicking infection. In 2006, the team made a key discovery: the majority of the children who had prolonged seizures after vaccination, also had a mutation causing Dravet syndrome. Prior to administering vaccines, patients should be screened for contraindications and precautions ... WB 4267 Posttest You call the shots- HPV. JODIE SINGER: I'm a pretty girl. It depends on the white cells of the blood to rapidly, rapidly, rapidly get you protected against the disease. When he was six-months old, his mother took him for his scheduled vaccinations. And the cough needs to be really, really vigorous, but they often…it's not very effective, and then, sometimes, they stop breathing. In this instance, two hours later, another unvaccinated person entered the same elevator. Vaccines—Calling the Shots. ARCHIVAL FOOTAGE: A major medical hurdle was crossed with the discovery, of Dr. Jonas Salk, of the anti-polio vaccine. SIMON FENSTERSZAUB: You don't have to cough, you just have to breathe. No one knows who spread the deadly germ to him, only that he was one of the lucky ones. Of course it is. Autism is one of the most baffling health issues of our generation. DAN GESCHWIND: The genetics are pointing to early developmental processes, somewhere between 10 and 24 weeks or so of gestation. GABRIELLA MAKSTMAN: So, the plan is to be fully vaccinated as soon as possible, but we're doing one vaccine at a time. In support of improving patient care, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. These courses are ideal for medical or nursing students, new vaccination providers, or seasoned health care providers seeking a review. Mark Atkin A.S.E. NARRATOR: The vaccine to protect against H.P.V., human papillomavirus, has generated an unusual amount of publicity and confusion. PAUL OFFIT: The history of vaccines is clear. In 2007, there were around 40 cases of measles across France. Each module provides learning opportunities, self-test knowledge checks, reference and resource materials, and an extensive glossary. You Call the Shots consists of a series of modules that discuss vaccine-preventable diseases and the latest recommendations for vaccine storage, administration, and use. BRIAN ZIKMUND-FISHER: In 1955, this is where Dr. Thomas Francis announced to the world the outcome of the polio vaccine trials. NARRATOR: Dravet syndrome is caused by mutations in a particular gene, called SCN1A, which impact key pathways in the brain. DISCLOSURE: In compliance with continuing education requirements, all presenters must disclose any financial or other associations with the manufacturers of commercial products, suppliers of commercial services, or commercial supporters as well as any use of unlabeled product(s) or product(s) under investigational use. Today, Luke's parents know that any fever can trigger his seizures, whether from a toothache or from a vaccine. But the oral polio vaccine carried a risk: there was a small chance that the weakened virus within it could mutate and actually cause polio, a risk of around one in 2.4-million doses. NARRATOR: The Department of Health tried to stop the spread. Really, everything is measuring risks versus benefits. There are risks; there are benefits. NARRATOR: Imagine millions of immune cells, such as white blood cells, all on the lookout for specific germs. CME: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention designates this Enduring activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. MIKE PAPANTONIO IN ARCHIVE: Take my chances of dying from cancer…, ARCHIVE NARRATION: …vaccine protects against a sexually transmitted disease…, ARCHIVE NARRATION: …fear mongering, ignorance…. It just speaks to how infectious measles is. vaccine, if that's okay with you. NARRATOR: Luke's type of epilepsy is rare; you're more likely to be struck by lightning. DAVID SALAMONE (Polio Patient): I contracted polio from the vaccination. (Mother of Amy Middleman's Patient): I have reservations about the H.P.V. CAROLYN THOMPSON (Mother of cervical cancer victim): Jennifer was 37 years old, and she died from cervical cancer. HARDWARE/SOFTWARE: Computer Hardware; Internet connection; Browser; MATERIALS: Internet connection and computer, TARGET AUDIENCE: Administrators, CHES certified health educators, Physicians, Epidemiologists, LPNs, LVNs, Medical assistants, medical students, NPs, nurse technicians, other health educators, Pharmacists, PAs, program managers RNs. It was part of their daily existence. So, for example, you know, your respiratory secretions, if someone coughs, but it's also airborne. I think we were right to look at whether vaccines might be a cause of autism, but there comes a point where there is so much evidence, none of which shows any link between vaccines and autism, that you have to say, "Enough!". NARRATOR: The immune cells arm themselves and then replicate, creating an army of clones. If the rate drops, even just a few percent, herd immunity can collapse. The virus was in circulation, even though it often wasn't obvious, and it was being carried by people who often had no idea they were infected, but the vast majority of people who came into contact with the virus had protection: they were vaccinated. DR. SIMON FENSTERSZAUB (Quality Health Center): You don't have to cough, you just have to breathe. And if they stop breathing for long enough, they go red in the face at first and then sometimes, if it's an extended period of not breathing, they can go blue, and that can be very, very frightening. H.P.V. This vaccine prevents cancer. TOM PHILBIN (Luke Philbin's Father): Ten days later and I got another call at work, from Sam, and he'd had another seizure. Why did we do this? NARRATOR: In 1990, when David was six months old, his parents took him for his oral polio vaccine. In order to receive continuing education (CE) for WB4417 Immunization: You Call the Shots-Module Ten-Storage and Handling—2021, please visit TCEO at www.cdc.gov/getCE and follow the 9 Simple Steps by 12/31/2021. GUSTAV NOSSAL: Some people believe that you don't need to vaccinate your child because you've got such a beautiful and good immune system. Identifying the genetic causes is really important, because it gives us an anchor, a place to start. NARRATOR: David's father lobbied to have the vaccine changed, and in the year 2000, across the U.S., the oral vaccine was replaced by a safer injectable version. NARRATOR: For six years, the team studied the patients carefully. GABRIELLA MAKSTMAN (Mother): I'm concerned about how many vaccines we have to give our children at once. Each module provides learning opportunities, self-test knowledge checks, reference and resource materials, and an extensive glossary. This program is designated for Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES®) and/or Master Certified Health Education Specialists (MCHES®) to receive up to 1 total Category I continuing education contact hours. JoEllen Wolicki, BSN, RN, Nurse Educator, CDC/NCIRD, ORIGINATION DATE: 1/1/2021 EXPIRATION DATE: 12/31/2021, URL: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/ed/youcalltheshots.html PREREQUISITES: Participants should have a basic educational background in science including general knowledge in the subject areas of biology, immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases. 10 terms. Implement disease detection and prevention health care services (e.g., smoking cessation, weight reduction, diabetes screening, blood pressure screening, immunization services) to prevent health problems and maintain health. Once the germ is removed, the immune army disbands, but they leave behind "memory cells." Diseases that were largely eradicated in the United States a generation ago—whooping cough, measles, mumps—are returning, in part because nervous parents are skipping their children's shots. NARRATOR: It's known as "herd immunity," and it protects everyone, including young babies, and people who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons. And this is what we've been working for years are ways to prevent cancer. Who am I supposed to trust? ALISON SINGER: No one could replicate Andrew Wakefield's findings. Start studying Video "Vaccines: Calling the Shots" BIOS. It's for a sexually transmitted disease, and I believe in teaching abstinence and chastity and…. In 2012, there were nearly 50,000 cases in the U.S. and 20 deaths. SAM JACKSON: We've chosen not to vaccinate further, because we know it was a trigger. To breathe vaccine itself patients carefully vaccination, '' would protect against 14 different diseases know everything causes. 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